Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be a debilitating condition, especially when it affects the hands. This autoimmune disease causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling that can interfere with everyday activities. Fortunately, non-surgical treatments offer significant relief for many patients. At Lake Country Plastic and Hand Surgery in Waukesha, WI, Dr. Tracy McCall specializes in diagnosing and managing RA in the hand, helping patients maintain functionality and improve quality of life.

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Hand?

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues, causing inflammation. In the hand, RA often affects the small joints of the fingers, wrists, and knuckles. Over time, this inflammation can lead to joint damage, deformity, and a reduction in hand function. Common symptoms include:

• Swelling and stiffness in the fingers and wrists, especially in the morning.
• Tenderness and warmth in affected joints.
• Difficulty gripping or holding objects.
• Nodules or small lumps under the skin near the joints.
• Fatigue and weakness due to systemic inflammation.

Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to preventing joint damage and maintaining mobility.

How is Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Hand Diagnosed?

Diagnosing RA in the hand requires a thorough evaluation, including a physical examination, medical history review, and diagnostic testing. Here’s what you can expect during the diagnostic process:

1. Physical Examination

Dr. Tracy McCall will perform a detailed physical examination to check for signs of swelling, tenderness, and joint deformities. She will assess your range of motion, grip strength, and overall hand functionality to identify the areas most affected by inflammation.

2. Blood Tests

Blood tests play a vital role in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis. Common tests include:

• Rheumatoid Factor (RF): Detects the presence of an antibody that’s often elevated in RA patients.
• Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (anti-CCP): Identifies antibodies specific to RA, providing a more accurate diagnosis.
• Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Measure inflammation levels in the body.

3. Imaging Tests

X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may be ordered to evaluate the extent of joint damage, inflammation, and any changes in bone structure. These imaging tests can help monitor disease progression and guide treatment decisions.

Non-Surgical Treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Hand

Managing rheumatoid arthritis without surgery involves a multi-faceted approach. These non-surgical treatments aim to control inflammation, relieve pain, and preserve joint function.

1. Medications for Symptom Management

Medications are often the first line of defense against RA symptoms. Several classes of drugs are available to manage the condition:

• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): These over-the-counter or prescription medications help reduce pain and inflammation. Examples include ibuprofen and naproxen.
• Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): These medications slow disease progression and prevent joint damage. Methotrexate is a commonly prescribed DMARD.
• Biologic Agents: Biologics are a newer class of drugs that target specific components of the immune system. These medications, such as adalimumab or etanercept, are often prescribed for patients who don’t respond to traditional DMARDs.
• Corticosteroids: Short-term use of corticosteroids like prednisone can quickly reduce inflammation during RA flare-ups. However, they are not recommended for long-term use due to potential side effects.

2. Hand Therapy and Physical Therapy

Hand therapy, a specialized form of physical therapy, focuses on improving hand strength, flexibility, and function. A certified hand therapist can design an individualized exercise program to address specific challenges related to RA. Therapy may include:

• Range-of-motion exercises to maintain joint flexibility.
• Strengthening exercises to build muscle support around affected joints.
• Adaptive techniques to reduce strain during daily activities.

Occupational therapy may also be beneficial, teaching patients how to modify their environment and use assistive devices to minimize stress on the hands.

3. Splinting and Orthotic Devices

Splints and orthotic devices can provide support, reduce pain, and prevent joint deformities. Depending on the severity of symptoms, Dr. Tracy McCall may recommend:

• Resting splints to keep the hand in a neutral position during periods of rest.
• Functional splints to support the hand during daily activities, reducing strain on affected joints.
• Custom-made orthotics to address specific deformities and improve alignment.

Splints are often used during flare-ups or when performing tasks that require a strong grip, like lifting or typing.

Lifestyle Changes to Support Joint Health

Beyond medications and therapy, lifestyle changes can play a significant role in managing rheumatoid arthritis in the hand. These adjustments can reduce the frequency and severity of flare-ups while enhancing overall well-being.

1. Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Dietary choices can impact inflammation levels in the body. Adopting an anti-inflammatory diet may help manage RA symptoms. Consider incorporating:

• Omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish like salmon, walnuts, and flaxseeds.
• Fruits and vegetables, especially those rich in antioxidants, such as berries, leafy greens, and bell peppers.
• Whole grains like brown rice, quinoa, and oats instead of refined grains.
• Nuts and seeds for healthy fats.

Avoid processed foods, sugary snacks, and trans fats, which can exacerbate inflammation.

2. Gentle Exercise

Regular physical activity can help maintain joint mobility and reduce stiffness. Low-impact exercises like swimming, walking, and yoga are excellent choices for individuals with RA. Exercise should be gentle on the joints and focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health.

3. Stress Management

Chronic stress can trigger RA flare-ups and worsen symptoms. Incorporating stress management techniques like deep breathing, meditation, and mindfulness can help manage emotional well-being. Adequate sleep is also crucial for reducing inflammation and enhancing the body’s healing processes.

Alternative Therapies for Symptom Relief

Some patients find relief from RA symptoms through alternative therapies. While these treatments may not replace conventional medical care, they can complement other strategies to improve quality of life.

1. Acupuncture

Acupuncture, an ancient Chinese therapy involving the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body, may help reduce pain and inflammation in RA patients. Studies suggest that acupuncture can stimulate the release of endorphins, the body’s natural painkillers, providing relief from discomfort.

2. Heat and Cold Therapy

Applying heat or cold to affected joints can provide temporary relief from RA symptoms:

• Heat therapy (using warm towels or heating pads) can relax stiff muscles and improve blood circulation.
• Cold therapy (using ice packs or cold compresses) can numb sore areas and reduce inflammation during flare-ups.

Personalized Care for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis

At Lake Country Plastic and Hand Surgery, Dr. Tracy McCall is dedicated to providing individualized care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the hand. A personalized treatment plan can address each patient’s unique needs, ensuring the best possible outcomes. Regular follow-ups and ongoing communication are essential for monitoring disease progression and adjusting treatment strategies as necessary.

Embracing a Life with Less Pain: Your Path Forward

Living with rheumatoid arthritis doesn’t mean surrendering to pain. With early diagnosis, targeted non-surgical treatments, and a commitment to lifestyle adjustments, you can enjoy a more active and fulfilling life. At Lake Country Plastic and Hand Surgery, Dr. Tracy McCall is here to guide you through every step of managing RA, offering the expertise and support needed to make informed decisions about your health.

Sources:

1. Davis, M. E., & Thompson, J. L. (2020). Non-Surgical Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Hands. Journal of Rheumatology Care.
2. Patel, R. K., & Green, S. A. (2021). Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis and Treatments. Clinical Immunology Insights.
3. Williams, L., & Anderson, H. J. (2022). Lifestyle Modifications for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms. Rheumatology and Health Journal.